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  • Kilauea volcano’s ash prompted largest open ocean phytoplankton bloom

    Kilauea volcano’s ash prompted largest open ocean phytoplankton bloom

    When the Kīlauea Volcano erupted in May 2018, an enormous amount of ash was released into the atmosphere in a plume nearly five miles high. A new study by an international team of researchers revealed that a rare and large summertime phytoplankton bloom in the North Pacific Subtropical Gyre in the summer of 2018 was prompted by ash from Kīlauea falling on the ocean surface approximately 1,200 miles west of the volcano. The research was published recently in JGR Oceans.

    “The scale and…

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    News Source: www.sciencedaily.com

  • Researchers identify a novel mechanism of fetal anemia linked to mitochondrial protein synthesis deficiency

    Researchers identify a novel mechanism of fetal anemia linked to mitochondrial protein synthesis deficiency

    A researcher team from International Research Center for Medical Sciences (IRCMS) at Kumamoto University, led by Dr. Tatsuya Morishima (Lecturer, Wakakusu researcher at IRCMS), and Prof. Hitoshi Takizawa, has identified a novel mechanism linking fetal anemia to disrupted intracellular iron distribution due to impaired mitochondrial protein synthesis. In this study, a mouse model with a knockout of the mitochondrial tRNA modification enzyme (Mto1) exhibited defective mitochondrial protein…

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    News Source: www.sciencedaily.com

  • ‘Forever chemicals’ are everywhere: Most of their health effects are unknown

    ‘Forever chemicals’ are everywhere: Most of their health effects are unknown

    In miniature test tubes in biologist Ryan Baugh’s lab at Duke, thousands of tiny wriggling worms — each one a fraction the size of an eyelash — munch on their dinner of bacteria broth.

    The worms’ soupy meal is laced with a hidden ingredient, invisible so-called “forever chemicals” found in America’s drinking water, our food and farmlands, even lurking in our bodies.

    It’s a chemical safety test, said Duke postdoctoral fellow Tess Leuthner. The worms are C. elegans, a garden- and…

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    News Source: www.sciencedaily.com

  • Novel drug delivery platform paves way to potential new treatments for Alzheimer’s, other brain-related disorders

    Novel drug delivery platform paves way to potential new treatments for Alzheimer’s, other brain-related disorders

    Oregon State University researchers have discovered a way to get anti-inflammatory medicine across the blood-brain barrier, opening the door to potential new therapies for a range of conditions, including Alzheimer’s disease, multiple sclerosis, Parkinson’s disease and cancer cachexia.

    The delivery method involves specially engineered nanoparticles, tiny bits of matter no larger than 100 billionths of a meter.

    Tested in a mouse model, the dual peptide-functionalized polymeric nanocarriers…

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    News Source: www.sciencedaily.com

  • Wildfire recovery: What victims say they need most

    Wildfire recovery: What victims say they need most

    It’s been three months since the start of a devastating series of wildfires that raged through Los Angeles from Jan. 7 to Jan. 31. As victims pick up the pieces of their lives, a study published in Environmental Research: Health from the UC Davis School of Medicine offers insights into what victims may need in the short and long term.

    “Understanding the community needs and impacts that arise during and after wildfires is crucial to identifying the timing, extent and types of assistance that…

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    News Source: www.sciencedaily.com

  • Titanium particles are common around dental implants

    Titanium particles are common around dental implants

    Titanium micro-particles in the oral mucosa around dental implants are common. This is shown in a new study from the University of Gothenburg, which also identified 14 genes that may be affected by these particles.

    Registry data indicate that about five percent of all adults in Sweden have dental implants — and potentially also titanium particles in the tissue surrounding the implants. According to the researchers, there is no reason for concern, but more knowledge is needed.

    “Titanium is a…

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    News Source: www.sciencedaily.com

  • Advanced imaging reveals mechanisms that cause autoimmune disease

    Advanced imaging reveals mechanisms that cause autoimmune disease

    People who suffer from the autoimmune disease myasthenia gravis experience muscle weakness that can affect any of the muscles we use to blink, smile or even move our body around.

    Researchers have known that the disease is caused by miscommunication between nerves and muscles. The body’s immune system mistakenly produces “autoantibodies,” or antibodies that attack its own tissues and proteins. In the case of myasthenia gravis, the body produces autoantibodies that target acetylcholine…

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    News Source: www.sciencedaily.com

  • Finding cancer's 'fingerprints'

    Finding cancer's 'fingerprints'

    Cancer diagnoses traditionally require invasive or labor-intensive procedures such as tissue biopsies. Now, research reveals a method that uses pulsed infrared light to identify molecular profiles in blood plasma that could indicate the presence of certain common cancers. In this proof-of-concept study, blood plasma from more than 2,000 people was analyzed to link molecular patterns to lung cancer, extrapolating a potential ‘cancer fingerprint.’

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    News Source: www.sciencedaily.com

  • Master regulator blocking immunotherapy, paving the way for a new lung cancer treatment

    Master regulator blocking immunotherapy, paving the way for a new lung cancer treatment

    Immune checkpoint inhibitors, a class of immunotherapies that help immune cells attack cancer more effectively, have revolutionized cancer treatment. However, fewer than 20% of patients respond to these treatments, highlighting the urgent need for new strategies tailored to both responders and non-responders.

    KAIST researchers have discovered that ‘DEAD-box helicases 54 (DDX54)’, a type ofRNA-binding protein, is the master regulator that hinders the effectiveness of immunotherapy — opening…

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    News Source: www.sciencedaily.com

  • More opportunities to test for Alzheimer’s using new analytical method

    More opportunities to test for Alzheimer’s using new analytical method

    Researchers at Lund University and Washington University have identified a blood marker that reflects the amount of Alzheimer’s pathology in the brain. This discovery may play a key role in determining who is most likely to benefit from the new Alzheimer’s drugs.

    In brief:

    • The blood-based marker (P-tau217) may start to change several years before the onset of Alzheimer’s symptoms. The marker can be measured using a simpler and cheaper analytical method.

    • Compared with a highly…

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    News Source: www.sciencedaily.com