Category: 4. Health

If you eat a snack — a meatball, say, or a marshmallow — how will it affect your blood sugar? It’s a surprisingly tricky question: the body’s glycemic response to different foods varies based on individual genetics, microbiomes, hormonal fluctuations, and more. Because of that, providing personalized nutritional advice — which can help manage diabetes, obesity, and cardiovascular diseases, among other conditions — requires costly and intrusive testing, making it hard to deliver effective…

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The fatigue and lack of motivation that many cancer patients experience near the end of life have been seen as the unavoidable consequences of their declining physical health and extreme weight loss. But new research from Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis challenges that long-held assumption, showing instead that these behavioral changes stem from specific inflammation-sensing neurons in the brain.

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The research groups led by Wolfgang Kastenmüller and Georg Gasteiger employed innovative microscopy techniques to observe how specific immune cells, known as T-cells, are activated and proliferate during a viral infection. Their findings revealed novel mechanisms: the immune system amplifies its defense cells in a far more targeted way than previously believed.

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Proper nutrition is crucial for enhancing athletic performance, supporting recovery and overall health. Now, a new study from the University of South Australia reveals that proper nutrition is also key to reducing risk of injury, especially for females.

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Impaired vascular function leads to cardiovascular disease. Researchers at University of Tsukuba have found that prolonged sitting impairs forearm cutaneous vasodilation function. They also showed that alternating local skin cooling and heating mitigated this functional decline and improved the responsiveness of cutaneous vasoconstriction.

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Genome wide association studies (GWAS) have identified hundreds of genome regions containing thousands of genetic variants associated with asthma, but it’s still not clear which variants have an actual causal link to the disease. This “variant-to-function” gap is one of the biggest challenges to the usefulness of these genomic studies and has motivated researchers to develop new tools to make sense of GWAS results.

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Assertiveness — a communication style that involves frank self-expression while respecting others — is considered a teachable skill and has been regarded as useful in improving the safety of medical care. Researchers at University of Tsukuba have found that assertiveness among pharmacy pharmacists is associated with appropriate prescribing for safe drug treatment.

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Using eye-tracking — a technique for recording and analysing eye movements — a team from the University of Geneva (UNIGE) has shown that individuals with multiple disabilities can improve their social and emotional skills. Although these patients are often considered ”untestable”, nine young people have undergone personalised training over a period of one year, with promising results in terms of their ability to socialise. This work opens the way to new methods of assessment and support….

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Risky driving by parents and other motorists who do the school run is putting children in danger, according to a study published in the peer-reviewed journal Traffic Injury Prevention.

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